How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Botox for bunny lines

The IPL photo facial results can emerge gradually, revealing clearer, more radiant skin over time. Here's the fascinating part: the growth factors in PRP stimulate hair follicles that have become dormant, encouraging new hair growth and making existing hair thicker and healthier. Botox safety guidelines By choosing Manhas Health for your Evolve-X procedure, you're not just getting a service; you're getting a partnership with experts committed to helping you achieve your aesthetic goals with confidence and ease. Learn more about How much does Botox cost in New Westminster? Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. here In an era where the fountain of youth isn't just a figment from ancient lore, Manhas Health Co. has rolled out its latest marvel in the beauty domain: the Advanced Forma Face Sculpting technology. Don't worry about pain.
As you progress, we'll monitor your transformation closely, adjusting the approach as needed to maximize your results. To book your first consultation at Manhas Health Co., simply visit our website or give us a call, and we'll guide you through every step of the process. You'll notice visible improvements, not just in your skin's appearance, but also in its overall health. Remember, your safety and satisfaction are paramount, so don't hesitate to ask questions and express any concerns during your consultation.
And then there's Alex, who turned to us for body contouring. The confidence boost you receive from seeing the changes in your body can be life-changing. You might be wondering if you're a good candidate for these treatments. It's this PRP that's packed with growth factors, which are key to stimulating hair growth.
During your appointment, you'll experience gentle heating and laser technology applied to the vaginal tissue. Your overall health also plays a crucial role. You'll be equipped with a regimen that evolves as your skin does, ensuring long-lasting results and a radiant, youthful complexion. While focusing on recovery and care after your vaginal rejuvenation is essential, it's also important to be aware of the safety concerns and potential risks associated with the procedure.

These images capture the essence of what you can expect: a visibly refined silhouette, tighter skin, and a more sculpted body contour. Botox specials Our specialists boast years of experience in the latest aesthetic techniques and technologies. Lastly, attending follow-up appointments is vital. The versatility of laser therapy means that treatments can be customized to suit your specific needs, ensuring you get the best possible outcomes.
Whether you're battling hair loss or seeking to enhance your skin's health from within, PRP offers a compelling, science-backed method for rejuvenation. While we celebrate these incredible transformations, it's crucial to emphasize that your safety and comfort are always at the forefront of our services. We're proud to showcase the real results of our clients, providing you with a transparent look at what's possible when you trust Manhas Health Co. for your aesthetic needs.
Candidates should be in good health, non-smokers, and not currently pregnant. Read more about How much does Botox cost in New Westminster? here From understanding the intricate process of laser hair removal to the rejuvenating benefits of IPL photo facials, preparing for your session, and knowing what to expect, we've got you covered. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, especially those high in protein, can aid in your recovery.
At Manhas Health Co, our mission is to empower you with personalized aesthetic solutions that enhance your natural beauty and boost your confidence.

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Don't hesitate to ask for before-and-after photos of their previous patients. This plan isn't just about choosing the right Evolve-X procedures; it's about timing, frequency, and even aftercare, ensuring your journey is as effective and comfortable as possible.



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Botox Clinic New Westminster


New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

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Botox for upper face wrinkles How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Whether you're looking for skin revitalization, anti-aging solutions, or body contouring, they've got you covered with the latest technology and techniques. Expect the session to last about 30 minutes, leaving your skin instantly smoother and brighter. The magic of PRP lies in the growth factors it releases. Botox for facial harmony At Manhas Health Co, we tailor this adventure to your unique body goals, ensuring personalized care from start to finish.

The goal is to address concerns such as laxity, discomfort during intercourse, urinary incontinence, or aesthetic desires. During your consultation, you'll meet with one of our expert practitioners who'll listen to your concerns, assess your needs, and recommend the most suitable treatments. Vaginal rejuvenation encompasses a series of cosmetic and functional treatments aimed at improving the appearance, sensation, and health of the vaginal area.

With our state-of-the-art laser treatments, she's now flaunting her natural skin, each day with more confidence than the last. You can choose to pay upfront using cash, credit, or debit cards. His expertise in laser therapy and injectables works wonders in enhancing your natural beauty without the need for invasive procedures.

Why choose Manhas Health Co? Evolve-X boasts an advanced thermal monitoring system that continuously checks the skin's temperature. If you're looking for something a bit more targeted, radiofrequency treatments might be up your alley.

Botox for upper face wrinkles How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?
Botox appointment booking How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Botox appointment booking How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Arrive at your appointment with clean, makeup-free skin, ready for your transformation. It's rare, but there's also a slight risk of burns if the device isn't used correctly. For your hair, especially after PRP treatment, switch to sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners. As you consider the possibilities of rejuvenating your skin or exploring innovative beauty treatments, remember that this clinic isn't just about surface-level beauty.

Morpheus 8 works on a variety of skin types, but it's crucial to have realistic expectations about the outcomes. Your skin won't only look more radiant, but your skincare products will also penetrate more deeply, enhancing their effectiveness. Our team uses this information to craft a tailored plan that aligns with your vision and ensures the outcomes you're aiming for.

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At Manhas Health Co., you're more than just a client; you're part of a community where each individual's unique journey to confidence and health is celebrated. The treatment rooms boast the latest in aesthetic technology, ensuring that you're getting the most advanced treatments available. Using a precise, sterile blade, a skilled professional carefully exfoliates the surface of your skin.

Let's be your partners in this journey, crafting a success story that's uniquely yours. It's a smart choice for those seeking effective, non-invasive body sculpting solutions. At Manhas Health Co., we understand that aging gracefully isn't just a wish; it's a journey made smoother with the right care and treatments tailored just for you.

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During a laser hair removal session, you'll feel a snapping sensation against your skin, akin to a rubber band's flick. The prime candidates for this innovative treatment are those experiencing the early signs of aging. Firstly, you'll be settled comfortably in a treatment room, where your skin's specific needs are reassessed. Additionally, maintaining a healthy diet can support the regeneration process. Customized Botox treatments

Lastly, discuss any medications you're taking with your provider ahead of time.

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That's why we've made our Before and After Gallery an essential tool. You've heard about it, perhaps whispered among friends or glimpsed in discreet online forums, but now it's accessible, offering a beacon of hope for those seeking restoration and revitalization.

Securing your spot couldn't be easier. Botox for bunny lines We're here to ensure you're comfortable and informed every step of the way. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to providing you with safe, effective, and personalized aesthetic care.

Whether you're seeking subtle enhancements or more transformative changes, our team has the knowledge and finesse to achieve your desired outcomes. Whether you're looking to slim down, tone up, or both, Evolve-X can be tailored to meet your specific needs. This automatic adjustment capability ensures that the treatment remains within a safe temperature range, further enhancing your safety.

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Botox for forehead lines in How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Before your appointment, it's a good idea to jot down any questions or concerns you might have. Proper care will ensure you achieve the best possible results and maintain that youthful glow for as long as possible. They understand that each individual's beauty journey is unique, and they're dedicated to providing customized treatment plans that reflect your personal goals and desires. Battling acne scars for years left her hiding behind layers of makeup. It's not just about the treatments; it's about understanding your desires and how we can turn them into reality.

John, whose partner underwent the procedure, notes a significant improvement in their relationship's intimacy, underscoring the emotional and relational impact of vaginal rejuvenation. This initial step is crucial, as it sets the foundation for your customized treatment plan. Mark, skeptical at first, found solace in our hair restoration treatments. Hearing firsthand from those who've undergone vaginal rejuvenation at Manhas Health Co. can provide invaluable insights into the procedure's effectiveness and impact. Wrinkle treatment

Our signature facials begin with a thorough skin analysis, ensuring that the treatment you receive is perfectly suited to your skin's requirements. Our state-of-the-art technology and innovative techniques ensure you receive the highest quality of care. The sample is then placed in a centrifuge, where it's spun to separate the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from the rest of the blood components. Plus, it's a testament to our commitment to excellence and the high-quality standards we uphold in every procedure.

Start by avoiding any form of exfoliation for at least a week before your appointment. Using cutting-edge tools in such a refined space, they're able to provide exceptional care, ensuring that your visit to Manhas Health Co. Botox and PRP therapy isn't just beneficial for your aesthetic needs but also a delightful experience in its own right. You're encouraged to ask questions at any point, as we believe clear communication is key to achieving the best results. Botox and filler packages Certain medications can affect how your skin reacts to the treatment, so it's vital to have an open conversation about your medical history.

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Choosing Evolve-X for your body sculpting journey can revolutionize the way you look and feel, offering immediate and long-term benefits that go beyond conventional methods. They also specialize in non-surgical face lifts and body contouring, providing you with alternatives to more invasive procedures. We understand that everyone's journey to feeling their best is unique, which is why our approach is tailored specifically to meet your individual needs. If you're not sure about your schedule, don't worry; the site offers flexibility to reschedule. Feeling comfortable and at ease enhances your experience and helps us take the best care of you.
It's common to feel skeptical about what cosmetic treatments can achieve. You might wonder about the process's specifics. This innovative technology uses a combination of radiofrequency energy, electrical muscle stimulation, and fat reduction techniques to deliver visible results without the need for surgery. At Manhas Health Co., you'll find a suite of treatments that stand out for their minimal invasiveness and impressive outcomes.
They understand that aging isn't just about lines and wrinkles; it's about how you feel inside and out. Lastly, the results speak for themselves – they're designed to be natural-looking and long-lasting. So, as you embark on this journey with Forma Face Sculpting, you're not just enhancing your appearance; you're embracing a cutting-edge solution that promises to rejuvenate your skin from within. The before and after photos that Manhas Health Co. shares aren't just impressive; they're a testament to the technology's effectiveness.
Imagine walking out feeling revitalized, with results that not only look natural but feel in harmony with your unique self. In the days following your session, you'll likely notice your skin feels tighter and more supple. Booking your appointment at Manhas Health Co is a straightforward process, designed for your convenience. He's constantly updating his knowledge to bring you the latest in skincare advancements.

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Botox and skincare routine How much does Botox cost in New Westminster?

Cosmetic may refer to:

  • Cosmetics, or make-up, substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning
  • Cosmetic, an adjective describing beauty, aesthetics, or appearance, especially concerning the human body
  • Cosmetic, a topical product that is not a drug
  • In-game cosmetics, video game virtual goods that generally offer no competitive advantage

See also

[edit]

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

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A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

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Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

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Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

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Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

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Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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